Abstract One way to use food industry wastes is to feed the livestock and poultry. Applying appropriate management methods for the optimal use of agricultural waste in the preparation of livestock and poultry feed increases productivity and reduces damage to agricultural and conversion industries and the use of new resources in animal and poultry feed. In this paper, in order to investigate the possibility of recycling food waste as poultry feed, the waste produced in a restaurant has been used. The parameters of fat percentage were measured using Soxhlet extractor, percentage of dry matter using the oven, percentage of protein in it using Kjeldahl method, and also the percentage of calcium and phosphorus with the standard beard. Comparing them with the usual diet used in poultry feed shows that the average values of calcium, protein, and fat content of food waste are 0.14%, 5.65%, 7.34% higher than the average diet of poultry, respectively. Also, the average amount of phosphorus and dry matter of food waste is 0.48% and 60% less than the average diet of poultry, respectively.

Abstract Efficient use of water and energy is crucial in food processing. One of the major problems in the food processing is the creation of food waste. Reducing food waste is essential to fill the global food gap and help reduce water and energy gaps around the world. Also, efficient use of water and energy in food processing is crucial. Examining scientific sources, it seems that Nexus thinking can be considered as the key to reducing food waste. Proper planning and management of limited water, energy, and food resources to meet society's economic and social needs for sustainable development is always a challenging issue. In this paper, considering the two thermal power plants with coal fuel and natural gas fuel in Baghdad, the relationship between food production, water consumption, energy production, and CO2 emissions has been investigated. Considering three periods (5 years) and estimating demand and forecasting energy and food production, Nexus has been studied between water, food, and energy parameters. During these three periods, the amount of natural gas consumption has increased by 13.13%, 25.7%, and 28.79% compared to the total energy. Also, in the optimal case, the cost of the system is $ 5.65 billion.

Abstract The agricultural sector in the country has a high and growing status and importance, but the growth and development of this sector are not possible without proper and effective risk management. In the current study, using the Monte Carlo simulation method as one of the powerful tools in risk analysis, the production risk due to the effects of climate change on the dominant agricultural products of Plovdiv, Bulgaria in the period 1990-2017, is predicted and measured. The results showed that Lentils has the highest risk (Product risk index was -0.25%) and bean has the lowest risk (Product risk index was 0.17%). Overall, the research results indicate the significant effect of performance risk in this region. Therefore, farmers should pay special attention to the risk of crop performance in determining their cultivation pattern in addition to other factors and criteria such as price, profitability, self-consumption, etc. Meanwhile, it is suggested that products with higher risk should not be grown alone and should be placed next to the other products with less risk as much as possible to increase food security.

Ethical behaviour, in its simplest terms, means knowing and doing what is right. Nevertheless, the main difficulty is how to define the word 'right'. For this purpose, various individuals, cultures and religions have thus far portrayed it in different ways. The present study reflected on the Islamic society, wherein ethical leadership has been one of the most effective factors in its continuation of life and success, with a vital role in its growth, development and progress. Accordingly, the relationship between ethical leadership and the voice of Muslim employees in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 2021, as the statistical population (n = 2500) was analysed. For this purpose, a standard questionnaire was used to collect the necessary data, whose validity was confirmed by the construct validity in the Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) software and its reliability was checked via the Cronbach's alpha in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Besides, path analysis was utilised to test the research hypothesis. Confirmatory factor analysis was correspondingly implemented to examine the data. Ultimately, the study results revealed a significant positive relationship between ethical leadership and the voice of Malaysian Muslim employees (p = 0.80; t = 5.02). CONTRIBUTION: Based on the literature review and the results of this study, ethical leadership can motivate Muslim citizens to participate in decision-making processes and even allows them to express their creative ideas in organisations and society

Abstract Today, the vermicompost production process is considered one of the most economically, hygienically, and environmentally friendly methods for the stabilization of organic waste. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of food waste preparation time without initial modification and without continuous aeration on the vermicompost process before feeding the worms with organic waste material in order to pass the calorific stage of decomposition of organic matter and not to damage the worms that are sensitive to high temperatures, and the process of fertilizer production is faster, organic matter is composted for a while without the presence of worms. In this paper, four periods, including 0, 7, 14, and 21 days of waste preparation, were examined. The results showed that the difference in ratio between different preparation times was significant 7-14 days the most suitable time for waste preparation without initial modification was obtained.